The theological importance of chaos and complexity is discussed in Russell, Murphy and Peacocke, Chaos and complexity. My own view is that wagering on chaos is a doubly-removed gamble compared to quantum mechanics: it requires that ‘holistic chaos’ will one day be discovered and that when it is, it will be unambiguously be interpreted as supporting philosophical indeterminism. Quantum mechanics, at least, is at hand as a theory, and thus, though multiply interpretable, it is not as much a ‘gamble’ as chaos theory. On the other hand, if one truly believes that theology can contribute to new science, even if indirectly, than a commitment to openness at the macroscopic level could inspire the search for holistic chaos. As long as one is clear about this being the method employed, I think it entirely valid. See Part 3-B below and my work on cosmology and eschatology.